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« Traduire Tolkien en français: On the Translation of J.R.R. Tolkien’s Works into French and their Reception in France » a été écrit en collaboration avec Daniel Lauzon et David Riggs, pour l’ouvrage dirigé par Thomas Honegger, Tolkien in Translation, publié en 2003 chez Walking Tree. Cet ouvrage envisage les questions soulevées par la traduction de l’oeuvre de Tolkien dans des langues européennes (allemand, espagnol, français, etc.), ainsi que la problématique de la traduction liée au dispositif fictionnel du Seigneur des Anneaux.
Un second volume, Translating Tolkien : Text and Film a paru en août 2004 : il contient, entre autres, une traduction anglaise de l’article disponible, en français, sur ce site, « Tolkien juge de Peter Jackson : Les adaptations cinématographiques du Seigneur des Anneaux (Z, R. Bakshi et P. Jackson) » : Critique du premier film de Peter Jackson, La Communauté de l’Anneau (début 2002)
Dans Tolkien in Translation, notre article envisage le lien entre la traduction de l’oeuvre de Tolkien en français et sa réception en France, l’histoire des traductions, de la réaction des médias, d’écrivains et de l’université, la question de clichés attachés à l’image de Tolkien (en particulier les accusations infondées de « racisme ») en examinant la représentation que le lecteur français peut se forger de cette oeuvre s’il ne prend en compte que les textes traduits.
La seconde partie s’intéresse plus particulièrement au Seigneur des Anneaux et examine les problèmes de traduction posés par la cohérence de l’univers de Tolkien, ses jeux sur la langue anglaise, l’importance de l’intertextualité, des répétitions, etc., à la lumière des positions de l’auteur sur la traduction.
La première partie de cet article est liée à la rédaction d’une version française développée, qui a été présentée lors de la journée d’étude rennaise, en avril 2003 puis publiée dans Tolkien, 30 ans après (1973-2003) ; suite à la demande de lecteurs, un équivalent de la seconde partie pourrait être publié en français dans les mois à venir.
Voici les résumés des articles du premier volume, un second ayant paru en août 2004 :
A Question of Style: On Translating The Silmarillion into Norwegian
Nils Ivar Agøy.
The main challenge in translating Tolkien’s The Silmarillion lies in the author’s use of archaisms as a deliberate and fully integrated style element. The article discusses the particular problems of transferring this archaic mode into contemporary Norwegian and describes how the translator attempted to solve these problems by ‘constructing’ an ancient-sounding language style especially for this book. Some other problems encountered in the translation process are also briefly discussed, including a few ambiguities and possible errors in the original.
Begging your pardon, Con el perdón de usted: Some Socio-Linguistic Features in The Lord of the Rings in English and Spanish
Sandra Bayona.
In The Lord of the Rings, the repeated occurrence of certain expressions in the characters’ speech marks them as deeply as any other feature; thus, their speech idiosyncrasies become a fundamental part of their personality. Since its publication in 1954-55, Tolkien’s epic has been translated into many languages, Spanish among them. Were these linguistic features retained in the translation? The purpose of this paper is to examine how the linguistic varieties are expressed in Spanish, to see if they help the readers who have not read the novel in the original language to perceive certain personal characteristics as depicted through speech.
Traduire Tolkien en français: On the Translation of J.R.R. Tolkien’s Works into French and their Reception in France
Vincent Ferré, Daniel Lauzon, David Riggs.
This article first discusses the link between the history behind the French translations of J.R.R. Tolkien’s works and the reception of his works in France, as well as Tokien’s reputation among both the general French readership and the French media. In the second part, The Lord of the Rings comes into focus, as we examine the problems raised by the translation of Tolkien’s unique style, his creations and his universe into French.
The Westron Turned into Modern English: The Translator and Tolkien’s Web of Languages
Thomas Honegger.
The Translator and Tolkien’s Web of Languages Tolkien’s presentation of The Lord of the Rings as a translation out of the original Westron into modern English inspired him to go one step further and reproduce the relationship between the various languages of Middle-earth by means of linguistic transposition (e.g. Rohirric = Old English, Language of Dale = Old Norse). The resulting ‘web of languages’ presents itself as a highly complex and not always fully coherent structure and poses an additional challenge to every translator.
Nine Rings for Russian Men Doomed to Die.
Mark T. Hooker.
Tolkien was banned in the Soviet Union, but that did not stop Russian translations of his works from circulating the illicit underground Russian press known as samizdat. The result of Tolkien’s years of exile in samizdat, and the collapse of the state-controlled publishing industry when the Soviet Union disintegrated is that there is not just one published Russian translation of The Lord of the Rings as is common in other countries. There are nine contemporary published translations competing with each other for the reader’s attention. Each translator has a slightly different approach to the text. Each translation has a slightly different interpretation of Tolkien. Each translator has a different story to tell. The goal of this paper is to point out the differences.
The Treatment of Names in Esperanto Translations of Tolkien’s Works.
Arden R. Smith.
The Esperanto versions of The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit are fairly typical translations of Tolkien’s works. In the treatment of Tolkien’s complex nomenclature, their translators have made use of the usual strategies, translating some names, modifying others, and leaving some in their original forms. This paper focuses on the methodology used by William Auld in La Mastro de l’ Ringoj, pointing out the numerous inconsistencies in that translation. The nomenclature used by Christopher Gledhill and Don Harlow in their Hobbit translations is also compared and contrasted with Auld’s renderings.
A Theoretical Model for Tolkien Translation Criticism.
Allan Turner.
This article outlines a possible theoretical model to serve as a basis for criticism of translations of Tolkien’s Middle-earth cycle, adapted from the ‘hermeneutic motion’ of George Steiner and considering both text-internal and socio-economic constraints on the translator. It argues that Tolkien’s published comments on translation cannot be accepted uncritically as authoritative, but need to be justified in the light of the overall literary and linguistic structure of the books, particularly the text-world and the pseudotranslation device.